History of plums and their hybrids
The documentation of ancient plums growing in ancient times are rare. The best evidence of this earliest existence is best documented through pomologist most famous American, Luther Burbank, who reported in his twelve volume botanical literary classic, berries, Volume IV, page 136, that the European plum, Prunus domestica, and its fruit ancestor originating in the Caucasus Mountains near the Caspian Sea. Burbank detailed evidence that the prune (dried plum) is a staple food of the Tartars, Mongols, Turks, Huns “who maintained a gross Horticulture very early period.” Several sites have put forward the absurd notion that because the EU plum, Prunus domestica, seeds were not found in the ruins of Pompeii after the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD, while most other old world fruits were, that this plum could be concluded in a recent hybrid of “spontaneous chromosome” doubling to produce offspring hexaploïde.La first reference to the history of the plum in the American colonies came from Prince Nursery of Flushing, New York, which was established in 1737 and reported in 1771 in an advertisement “33 kinds of plums” for sale. These plums were probably European plums, Prunus domestica.Après the year 1755, Henry Laurens, who was a guest and friend of Wililam Bartram introduced olives, limes, ginger, Everbearing strawberry, raspberry and red grapes Blue in the United States. From southern France, he introduced apples, pears, plums, grapes and white Chasselas was abundant. Henry Laurens lived in Charleston, South Carolina and has served as president of Congress continental.William Bartram described two species of American plums in his famous book, Travels, in his travels in 1792 in Georgia, where he identified the plum Chickasaw, Chickasaw Prunus, and Alabama, he found a wild plum, Burbank Prunus.Luther indicators contributed most to improving and hybridizing plum trees of different species than any other person in history. His work on the group of stone fruits plum is different from any other person for his tremendous contribution to improving various fruits that are grown and appreciated today. Burbank States than importing twelve seed in the 1885 plum year was “the most important import fruit bearers ever made at one time in America.” Burbank plums from around the world and intercrossed in a melting-pot “giant” producing the best features and to reject the bad. These mixtures were recombined genetic plum for many generations and has resulted in hybrid plums which are now so different from the original species as to appear to be a new espèces.Burbank said he spent more time than plums hybridization with any other plant breeding program, and indicated that screening 7. 5000000 plum hybrid seedling crosses before releasing outstanding cultivars for sale. His famous plum line that were popular in the late 1890s are still admired and grown commercially for sale and in backyard gardens today, such as Burbank, Santa Rosa, Wickson, Golden, Satsuma, Shiro, and Ozark first Minister. His first huge success was applauded by the USDA teacher, he Van Deman, who suggested that the pick-creation, the Lot Luther Burbank be named after its creator, therefore, the “Burbank Plum . The most success came from his Burbank plum combining genetic material from four major types of plums whose ancestors came from Japan, Europe, America and Chine.Le most successful crosses between plums come from the Japanese plum, the most exotic, “Satsuma”, the name suggested by Professor HE Van Deman of the USDA, who identified as being imported from the Satsuma Province in Japan. This unique plum grew a red skin, with an overlay of pale blue flowers compensation. The flesh was firm dark purplish red, tasty with an excellent quality preferred for use domestique.espèces experimental Burbank were Japanese plums, Prunus triflora, that grew wild in Japan and have been pickled by the natives. The Japanese plums grew in many colors in skin from white to purple, were large and rather tasteless, but the Japanese natives ate them while green and hard. The Japanese plum genes seem to dominate most of the descendants of the plum hybrid. Chinese plums, Prunus simonii were aromatic, with rich colors of skin, a small pit, but the cracks in the skin and the fruit amer.pruniers European Prunus domestica, are varied in sizes, the largest for small , sweet or sour genes, complex, many-colored skins, very widely adaptable, good for fresh eating, drying or canning. The disadvantage: they are too juicy or liquids. Green Gage ‘is a cultivar known European standard. Prunes are very rich in species sucre.Plusieurs American plums are very hardy and productive to the extent of ground cover in spring, with several layers of fruit. These plums can be tasty but have poor shipping quality. Burbank has released an excellent hybrid strain of this cross called “Robinson plum.” Several species of native American plums were used in hybridization experiments by Luther Burbank. Plums American, Prunus americana, wild goose plums, Prunus hortulana, plum Chickasaw, Prunus angustifolia, Plum Sandy West, Prunus besseyi, the beach plum, Prunus maritima, and California wild plum, Prunus subcordata. These native plum trees are particularly resistant to cold and freezing temperatures do not harm them even in the northern part of the central United States Unis.Le “Myrobalan” plum origin as a French species, Prunus cerasifera is used extensively as a peach and plum rootstock that tends to be consistent with the union of fruit trees follows and seems to be highly resistant to nematodes and diseases racines.objectif Burbank hybridizing plums was to produce a tree that had “stability, novelty, variety, hardiness, beauty, shipping quality and adaptability. “plum leaves and twigs exhibit many subtle characteristics that may be encountered by the plant breeder to predict the future characteristics of fruit that will come from planting small crosses. Most breeders know from experience a predictable outcome, even if these plants are too intangible qualities to explain to an audience, such as changing facial expressions or minute variations of color changes. If the leaves of a plant are dark red, the fruit will be red. The same phenomenon is applicable to flowers such as canna lily leaf color and the color red rhizome, or cultivars crinum Lily, a red bulb means a red flower, a green bulb means a flower blanche.Luther Burbank developed without a plum seeds by hybridizing a French plum cultivar, “Sans drowned.” These plums develop into various skin colors ranging from white to yellow, red, orange, purple, violet, dark blue, almost black, striped, spotted, and mottled. These seedless plums were delicious and unique, but never a commercial success with the producers or at the request of public.Burbank crossed many plums that had a tendency to produce fruit with high sugar content, like the sweetness of figs, pineapple and oranges. This high sugar content allows the plum (prune) to ensure the long-term when it is dried. Prunes contain a thick skin and hard as a texture that is not necessary to crack when the commercial process of drying begins and proceeds to offer a delicious fruit that lasts bien.Une plum honey does not dry properly in a marketable fruit, unless the plum contains a sugar concentration of at least 15%. Before drying, the prune is submerged briefly in an alkaline solution that prevents future fermentation preventing germs grow on the surface of the skin. To trim the satisfactory commercial production, a prune tree must be a reliable manufacturer with an annual harvest of fruits. The prune is early ripening, when the days are long and hot and should fall from the tree to avoid expensive fees picking both good maturation. The prune fruit must cure and dry for a black and grow a small pit. Most prune hybrids have been hybridized to the European plum, Prunus domestica.De many plum cultivars are recommended for planting: Blue Damson, Chickasaw, Elephant Heart, Green Egg, Methley, Morris, Stanley, In Amber at Homeside, In Rubrum, Black Ruby, Byrongold, Ruby Sweet, six weeks, and are just Plumcot among the rare varieties of trees available on the market today. There are also three ornamental varieties of flowering plum trees recommend for planting: Thundercloud ‘Purple Pony’ Newport ‘Newport, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus cerasifera Purple Pony’, and Red Leaf Plum Prunus cerasifera ‘plum plum purple leaves fleurs.Burbank developed a forerunner of the French plum with purple leaves, Prunus Pissard, that are commercially sold as “Thundercloud flowering plum, Vesuvius, and Othello. Some of those red leaves flowering plums developed by Burbank grew delicious red fruit in addition to the beautiful red leaves ornementales.Plum fruit is rated high in antioxidants, which offers many health benefits like vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, niacin, and minerals, calcium, potassium, phosphorus and fer.Burbank sifted to the complexity of the hybridization of plum and prune even crossed with almond, Prunus dulcis, hoping to create an almond flavor and a tasty pulp. He has created numerous crosses with apricots, Prunus armeniaca L., and trees Plumcot created a 50/50 blend of plum and apricot, Pluot trees demonstrate a 75/25 blend of plum and apricot, and trees Aprium 75 / 25 mixture of apricot and plum trees.